2019年01月29日 2175人浏览
AEAS语法是我们拿到高分的基础,因此我们在AEAS备考的过程中学好语法很重要,这样才能取得让自己满意的成绩。
常用语法
AEAS考试是为想要赴澳大利亚就读中学(主要是私立中学)的学生提供特别设计和选定的综合考试。AEAS考试包括三个部分,部分是英语水平考试,第二部分是数学推理能力考试,第三部分是非语言试题的综合能力考试。其中语法的熟练运用有助于提高AEAS考试英语作文部分成绩。
一.名词
1名词的种类:
专有名词普通名词
名地名人名,团体机构名称可数名词不可数名词
个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词
2名词的数:
1. 规则名词的复数形式:
名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下:
规则例词
1一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days
2以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes
3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives
加-sbelief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs
4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities
5以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有名词以y结尾的,加-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys
6以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-eshero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes
不少外来词加-spiano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos
两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos
7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-sradio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos
8以-th结尾的名词加-struth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,
2. 不规则名词复数:
英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,现归纳如下:
规则例词
1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice
2单复数相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin,
3只有复数形式ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents
4一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police, cattle, staff
5部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数(成员)audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party
6复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟)
7表示“某人”加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans
单复数同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese
以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen
8合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends
无主体名词时将后一部分变为复数grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches
将两部分变为复数women singers, men servants
3名词的所有格:
名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种:一是名词词尾加’s构成,二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西,后者多表示无生命的东西。
1. ’s所有格的构成:
单数名词在末尾加’sthe boy’s father, Jack’s book, her son-in-law’s photo,
复数名词一般在末尾加’the teachers’ room, the twins’ mother,
不规则复数名词后加’sthe children’s toys, women’s rights,
以s结尾的人名所有格加’s或者’Dickens’ novels, Charles’s job, the Smiths’ house
表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加’sJapan’s and America’s problems, Jane’s and Mary’s bikes
表示共有的所有关系时在后一词末加’sJapan and America’s problems, Jane and Mary’s father
表示"某人家""店铺",所有格后名词省略the doctor’s, the barber’s, the tailor’s, my uncle’s
2. ’s所有格的用法:
1表示时间today’s newspaper, five weeks’ holiday
2表示自然现象the earth’s atmosphere, the tree’s branches
3表示家城市等地方的名词the country’s plan, the world’s population, China’s industry
4表示工作群体the ship’s crew, majority’s view, the team’s victory
5表示度量衡及价值a mile’s journey, five dollars’ worth of apples
6与人类活动有特殊关系的名词the life’s time, the play’s plot
7某些固定词组a bird’s eye view, a stone’s throw, at one’s wit’s end(不知所措)
3. of所有格的用法:
用于无生命的东西:the legs of the chair, the cover of the book
用于有生命的东西,尤其是有较长定语时:the classrooms of the first-year students
用于名词化的词:the struggle of the oppressed
二.冠词
冠词分为不定冠词(a, an),定冠词(the),和零冠词。
1不定冠词的用法:
1指一类人或事,相当于a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly.
2次提及某人某物,非特指A boy is waiting for you.
3表示“每一”相当于every,oneWe study eight hours a day.
4表示“相同”相当于the sameWe are nearly of an age.
5用于人名前,表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were out
That boy is rather a Lei Feng.
6用于固定词组中A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time
7用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后This room is rather a big one.
8用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.

2定冠词的用法:
1表示某一类人或物The horse is a useful animal.
2用于世上一无二的事物名词前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean
3表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Would you mind opening the door?
4用于乐器前面play the violin, play the guitar
5用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the reach, the living, the wounded
6表示“一家人”或“夫妇”the Greens, the Wangs
7用于序数词和形容词副词比较高前He is the taller of the two children.
8用于家党派等以及江河湖海,山川群岛的名词前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French
9用于表示发明物的单数名词前The compass was invented in China.
10在逢十的复数数词之前,指世纪的某个年代in the 1990’s
11用于表示单位的名词前I hired the car by the hour.
12用于方位名词,身体部位名词,及表示时间的词组前He patted me on the shoulder.
3零冠词的用法:
1专有名词,物质名词,抽象名词,人名地名等名词前Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air
2名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?
3季节,月份,星期,节假日,一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring
4表示职位,身份,头衔的名词前Lincoln was made President of America.
5学科,语言,球类,棋类名词前He likes playing football/chess.
6与by连用表示交通工具的名词前by train, by air, by land
7以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night
8 表示泛指的复数名词前Horses are useful animals.
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